Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an interventional radiology procedure used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly liver cancer. This guide provides an overview of TACE, including how it works, its benefits, potential risks, and what to expect during the procedure.
Transarterial chemoembolization is a minimally invasive procedure that delivers chemotherapy drugs directly to a tumor while also blocking the blood supply to the tumor. It is commonly used to treat primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and metastatic liver tumors.
Preparation: Before the procedure, patients may undergo imaging tests such as CT
scans or angiography to identify the blood vessels feeding the tumor.
Anesthesia: TACE is typically performed under local anesthesia, although some
patients may receive sedation to help them relax during the procedure.
Catheter Insertion: A small incision is made in the groin, and a catheter is
inserted into the femoral artery. The catheter is then guided through the blood vessels to the
arteries supplying blood to the tumor.
Chemotherapy Infusion: Once the catheter is in position, chemotherapy drugs mixed
with a special oily substance called an embolic agent are injected directly into the tumor-feeding
arteries.
Embolization: After the chemotherapy drugs are delivered, the embolic agent is
injected to block the blood vessels, cutting off the tumor's blood supply and trapping the
chemotherapy drugs inside the tumor.
Post-Procedure Monitoring: Patients are monitored closely after the procedure for
any complications, and imaging tests may be performed to assess the tumor's response to treatment.
Localized Treatment: TACE delivers chemotherapy directly to the tumor, minimizing
exposure to healthy tissues and reducing systemic side effects.
Tumor Shrinkage: By cutting off the tumor's blood supply and delivering
concentrated chemotherapy, TACE can lead to tumor shrinkage and improved symptoms.
Palliative Care: TACE can help relieve symptoms and improve quality of life for
patients with advanced cancer who are not candidates for curative treatment.
Repeatable Procedure: TACE can be repeated multiple times if necessary, allowing
for ongoing tumor management and control.
While TACE is generally considered safe, it carries certain risks, including liver damage, nausea and vomiting, infection, and allergic reactions.
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a valuable treatment option for patients with liver cancer and certain other types of cancer. By delivering chemotherapy directly to the tumor and blocking its blood supply, TACE can help shrink tumors, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life. While TACE carries some risks, the potential benefits often outweigh the potential complications, making it an important tool in the fight against cancer. Patients considering TACE should discuss the procedure in detail with their healthcare team to determine if it is the right option for them.